A Snelson DataBase and Index
Includes the Snelson Coat of Arms & Armory
Person Page 568
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Gerberga Unknown1,2
F, #14178, Deceased
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Parents
| Father | Godefroid Unknown |
Family: Megingoz Unknown
| Daughter | Ermentrude Unknown+ |
Main Events
| Also Known As | Gerberga Unknown was also known as Gerberga Unknown. |
| Marriage | Gerberga Unknown and Megingoz Unknown were married.2,1 |
| Death | She died Y Y, Y.1 |
| User Reference Number | She; 18698 |
| Her husband Megingoz Unknown died. |
Citations
Menai Jones
F, #14179, Deceased, b. 12 January 1936, d. 18 November 2003
| Consanguinity | 3rd cousin of Adrian John Snelson |
Parents
| Father | Robert J Jones (b. 1908) |
| Mother | Jennie Petunia Thomas (b. 1898, d. 1990) |
Family: Glyn Jones (b. 1927, d. 1978)
Main Events
| User Reference Number | Menai Jones; 23830 |
| Birth | She was born on 12 January 1936 in Caernarvon. |
| Marriage | Menai Jones and Glyn Jones were married in October 1955 in Pwllheli. |
| Her husband Glyn Jones died in 1978. | |
| Her mother Jennie Petunia Thomas died in 1990 in Nefyn, Caernarvonshire. | |
| Death | Menai Jones died on 18 November 2003, at age 67, in Bangor, Wales. |
William The Conqueror Unknown1,2
M, #14187, Deceased, d. 9 September 1087
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Parents
| Father | Robert I The Magnificent Unknown (d. 2 July 1035) |
| Mother | Herleve Unknown (b. about 1003, d. about 1050) |
Family: Matilda Unknown (d. 2 November 1083)
| Daughter | Gundred Unknown+ (b. about 1063, d. 27 May 1085) |
| Son | Henry I Beauclerc Unknown+ (b. 1068, d. 2 December 1135) |
Main Events
| Birth | William The Conqueror Unknown was born Person Source, Y.3 |
| Burial | William The Conqueror's remains were buried in Monastry of St Stephen, Caen, Normandy.1 |
| Residence | He resided See notes.1 |
| User Reference Number | He; 18573 |
| Note | Event Memos from GEDCOM Import... Residence William of Normandy (French: Guillaume de Normandie; c. 1028 – September 9, 1087) ruled as the Duke of Normandy from 1035 to 1087 and as King of England from 1066 to 1087. William invaded England, won a victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. No authentic portrait of William has been found. He was described as a big burly man, strong in every sense of the word, balding in front, and of regal dignity. In the present nomenclature, William was Duke of Normandy as William II and King of England as William I. He is also known as William the Conqueror (Guillaume le Conquérant) and William the Bastard (Guillaume le Bâtard). The sole son of Robert the Magnificent and Herleva, most likely the daughter of a local tanner named Fulbert, William was born illegitimate in Falaise, Normandy. The exact date of birth is uncertain, but is known to have been either in 1027 or 1028, and more likely in the autumn of the latter year. He was the grandnephew of Queen Emma, wife of King Ethelred the Unready and later of King Canute. William succeeded to his father's Duchy of Normandy at the young age of 7 in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy (Fr. Guillaume II, duc de Normandie). He lost three guardians to plots to usurp his place. Count Alan of Brittany was a later guardian. King Henry I of France knighted him at the age of 15. By the time he turned 19 he was successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. With the assistance of King Henry, William finally secured control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen in the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047. He married his cousin Matilda of Flanders, against the wishes of the pope in 1053 at the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Eu, Normandy (now in Seine-Maritime. He was 26, she was 22. Their marriage produced four sons and six daughters (see list below). His half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain played significant roles in his life. He also had a sister, Adelaide of Normandy. Upon the death of William's cousin King Edward the Confessor of England (January 1066), William claimed the throne of England, asserting that the childless and purportedly celibate Edward had named him his heir during a visit by William (probably in 1052) and that Harold Godwinson, England's foremost magnate and brother-in-law of the late King Edward the Confessor, had reportedly pledged his support while shipwrecked in Normandy (c. 1064). Harold made this pledge while in captivity and was reportedly tricked into swearing on a saint's bones that he would give the throne to William. Even if this story is true, however, Harold made the promise under duress and so may have felt free to break it. More realistically, by the mid 1050s, Harold was effectively ruling England through the weak King Edward and was unlikely to surrender the throne to a foreign noble. The assembly of England's leading nobles known as the Witenagemot approved Harold Godwinson’s coronation which took place on January 5, 1066 making him King Harold II of England . In order to pursue his own claim, William obtained the support of the Pope Alexander II for his cause. He assembled a Norman invasion fleet of around 600 ships and an army of 7000 men. He landed at Pevensey in Sussex on September 28, 1066 and assembled a prefabricated wooden castle near Hastings as a base. This was a direct provocation to Harold Godwinson as this area of Sussex was Harold's own personal estate, and William began immediately to lay waste to the land. It may have prompted Harold to respond immediately and in haste rather than await reinforcements in London. King Harold Godwinson was in the north of England and had just defeated another rival, Harald III of Norway, supported by his own brother Tostig. He marched an army of similar size to William's 250 miles in 9 days to challenge him at the crucial battle of Senlac, which later became known as the Battle of Hastings. This took place on October 14, 1066. According to some accounts, perhaps based on an interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry commemorating the Norman victory, Harold was allegedly killed by an arrow through the eye, and the English forces fled giving William victory. This was the defining moment of what is now known as the Norman Conquest. Unable to enter London, William travelled to Wallingford, was welcomed in by Wigod who supported his cause. This is where the first submissions took place including that of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The remaining Anglo-Saxon noblemen surrendered to William at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and he was acclaimed King of England there. William was then crowned on December 25, 1066 in Westminster Abbey. Although the south of England submitted quickly to Norman rule, resistance continued, especially in the North for six more years until 1072. Harold's illegitimate sons attempted an invasion of the south-west peninsula. Uprisings occurred in the Welsh Marches and at Stafford. Separate attempts at invasion by the Danes and the Scots also occurred. William's defeat of these led to what became known as The Harrying of the North (Sometimes called Harrowing) in which Northumbria was laid waste as revenge and to deny his enemies its resources. The last serious resistance came with the Revolt of the Earls in 1075. It is estimated that one fifth of the people of England were killed during these years by war, massacre, and starvation. William initiated many major changes. In 1085, in order to ascertain the extent of his new dominions and maximize taxation, William commissioned the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey of England's productive capacity similar to a modern census. He also ordered many castles, keeps, and mottes, among them the Tower of London, to be built across England to ensure that the rebellions by the English people or his own followers would not succeed. His conquest also led to Norman replacing English as the language of the ruling classes for nearly 300 years. William is said to have deported some of the Anglo-Saxon land owning classes into slavery through Bristol. Many of the latter ended up in Umayyad Spain and Moorish lands. Ownership of nearly all land in England and titles to religious and public offices were given to Normans. Many surviving Anglo-Saxon nobles emigrated to other European kingdoms. He died at the age of 59, at the Convent of St Gervais, near Rouen, France, on September 9, 1087 from abdominal injuries received from his saddle pommel when he fell off a horse at the Siege of Mantes. William was buried in the church of St. Stephen in Caen, Normandy. In a most unregal postmortem, his corpulent body would not fit in the stone sarcophagus, and burst after some unsuccessful prodding by the assembled bishops, filling the chapel with a foul smell and dispersing the mourners. William was succeeded in 1087 as King of England by his younger son William Rufus and as Duke of Normandy by his elder son Robert Curthose. This led to the Rebellion of 1088. His youngest son Henry also became King of England later, after William II died without a child to succeed him. Some doubt exists over how many daughters there were. This list includes some entries which are obscure. * Robert Curthose (c. 1054 –1134), Duke of Normandy, married Sybil of Conversano, daughter of Geoffrey of Conversano * Adeliza (or Alice) (c. 1055), reportedly betrothed to Harold II of England (Her existence is in some doubt.) * Cecilia (or Cecily) (c. 1056 –1126), Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen * William Rufus (1056 –1100), King of England * Richard (1057 - c. 1081), killed by a stag in New Forest * Adela (c. 1062 –1138), married Stephen, Count of Blois * Gundred (c. 1063 –1085), married William de Warenne (c. 1055 –1088) Some scholars question whether Gundred was an illegitimate child of William I or merely a step-daughter, foundling or adopted daughter. * Agatha (c. 1064 –c. 1080), betrothed to (1) Harold of Wessex, (2) Alfonso VI of Castile * Constance (c. 1066 –1090), married Alan IV Fergent, Duke of Brittany; poisoned, possibly by her own servants * Matilda (very obscure, her existence is in some doubt) * Henry Beauclerc (1068 –), King of England, married (1) Edith of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III, King of Scotland, (2) Adeliza of Louvain. |
| Birth | He was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France.2,1 |
| His father Robert I The Magnificent Unknown died on 2 July 1035 in Nicaea, Bithynia, Turkey. | |
| His mother Herleve Unknown died about 1050. | |
| Marriage | William The Conqueror Unknown and Matilda Unknown were married in 1053.2,1 |
| His daughter Gundred Unknown was born about 1063. | |
| His son Henry I Beauclerc Unknown was born in 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England. | |
| His wife Matilda Unknown died on 2 November 1083 in Caen, Basse-Normandie, France. | |
| His daughter Gundred Unknown died on 27 May 1085. | |
| Death | William The Conqueror Unknown died on 9 September 1087 in St. Gervais, Seine-Maritime, France.2,1 |
Citations
George Clothier
M, #14188, Deceased, b. 1841, d. 1924
| Consanguinity | Partner of Hannah Benyon (2nd great-aunt of Adrian John Snelson) |
Parents
| Father | Harry Clothier |
Family: Hannah Benyon (b. about July 1840, d. 6 October 1912)
| Son | Charles Henry Clothier (b. 24 March 1875) |
| Daughter | Agnes Benyon Clothier (b. 2 January 1877, d. 31 October 1956) |
| Son | Richard Edward Clothier+ (b. about 1879, d. 1 June 1957) |
| Person References | George Benyon 1783-1850 |
Main Events
| User Reference Number | George Clothier; 23701 |
| Birth | He was born in 1841 in Frankleigh, Bradford-upon-Avon, Wiltshire. |
| Marriage | George Clothier and Hannah Benyon were married on 6 June 1871 in St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster, Middlesex. |
| His son Charles Henry Clothier was born on 24 March 1875 in Pimlico, London, England. | |
| His daughter Agnes Benyon Clothier was born on 2 January 1877 in Pimlico, London, England. | |
| His son Richard Edward Clothier was born about 1879. | |
| Occupation | George Clothier was a butler and house steward in 1901. |
| Occupation | He was a taxidermist in 1912. |
| His wife Hannah Benyon died on 6 October 1912 in Hanover Square, London. | |
| Death | He died in 1924, at age ~83. |
Census
| Label and Year | Manual |
|---|---|
| Census 1901 | George Clothier Id #14,188 (Principal) was at home on Census night 1901 at St George Hanover Square, London; Address: 6, Worcester Street Witness Role: Original Documents, Source and Citations here |
Malcolm III Unknown1,2,3
M, #14196, Deceased, b. about 1030, d. 13 November 1093
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Parents
| Father | Duncan I Unknown (b. about 1001, d. 14 August 1040) |
| Mother | Suthen Unknown |
Family 1: Ingibjorg Finnsdottir
Family 2: Margaret Atheling (b. about 1044, d. 16 November 1093)
| Daughter | Matilda Unknown+ (b. about 1079, d. 1 May 1118) |
| Son | David I Unknown+ (b. 1084, d. 24 May 1153) |
Main Events
| Also Known As | Malcolm III Unknown was also known as Malcolm Canmore Unknown. |
| Burial | Malcolm III's remains were buried in Dumfernline, Fifeshire, Scotland.1 |
| Residence | He resided See notes.1 |
| User Reference Number | He; 18428 |
| Note | Event Memos from GEDCOM Import... Residence Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III son of Duncan) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. He was the eldest son of Duncan I. While often known as Malcolm Canmore, the earliest epithet applied to him is Long-Neck. It appears that the real Malcolm Canmore was this Máel Coluim's great-grandson Malcolm IV. Malcolm's long reign, spanning five decades, did not mark the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age, nor can Malcolm's reign be seen as extending the authority of Alba's kings over the Scandinavian, Norse-Gael and Gaelic north and west of Scotland. The areas under the control of the Kings of Scots did not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II of Scotland until the 12th century and 13th century. Malcolm's main achievement is often thought to match that of Kenneth I of Scotland, in continuing a line which would rule Scotland for many years, although his role as 'founder of a dynasty' has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David, and his descendants, than with any historical reality. Malcolm's father Duncan became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II, Duncan's maternal grandfather. Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed by Mac Bethad mac Findláich on 15 August 1040. Although William Shakespeare's Macbeth presents Malcolm as a grown man and his father as an old one, it appears that Duncan was still young in 1040, and Malcolm and his brother Donald were children. Malcolm's family did attempt to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfather CrÃnán was killed in the attempt. John of Fordun's account, which is the original source of part at least of Shakespeare's version, claims that Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen. Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor. If Malcolm's mother took her sons into exile, she is now thought to have gone north, to the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, an enemy of Macbeth's family, and perhaps Duncan's kinsman by marriage. An English invasion in 1054, with Earl Siward in command, had as its goal the installation of Malcolm, 'son of the King of the Cumbrians (i.e. of Strathclyde)'. This Malcolm, perhaps a son of Eógan II of Strathclyde, disappears from history after this brief mention. He has been confused with Malcolm II, but Macbeth was not killed by the English in 1054, but in 1057 and by the Scots. Malcolm first appears in the historical record in 1057 when various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, probably on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan, between Aboyne and Banchory. Macbeth was succeeded by his step-son Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin, who was crowned at Scone, probably on 8 September 1057. Lulach was killed by Malcolm, 'by treachery', near Huntly on 23 April 1058. After this, Malcolm became king, perhaps being inaugurated on 25 April 1058, although only Marianus Scotus reports this. If Orderic Vitalis is to be relied upon, one of Malcolm's earliest actions was to travel south to the court of Edward the Confessor to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret. If such an agreement was made in 1059, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered. Equally, Máel Coluim's raids in Northumbria may have been related to the disputed 'Kingdom of the Cumbrians', reestablished by Earl Siward in 1054, which was under Malcolm's control by 1070. The Orkneyinga saga reports that Malcolm married the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Ingibiorg, a daughter of Finn Arnesson. Although Ingibiorg is generally assumed to have died shortly before 1070, it is possible that she died much earlier, around 1058. The Orkneyinga Saga records that Malcolm and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan, who was later king. Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west. The Heimskringla tells that her father Finn had been an adviser to Harald III of Norway and, after falling out with Harald, was then made an Earl by Sweyn Estridsson, King of Denmark. Malcolm enjoyed a peaceful relationship with the Earldom of Orkney, ruled jointly by his step-sons, the Thorfinnssons Paul and Erlend. Although he had given sanctuary to Tostig Godwinsson when the Northumbrians drove him out, Malcolm was not directly involved in the ill-fated invasion of England by Harald Hardraade and Tostig in 1066, which ended in defeat and death at battle of Stamford Bridge. In 1068, he granted asylum to a group of English exiles fleeing from William of Normandy, among them Agatha, widow of Edward the Confessor's nephew Edward the Exile, and her children: Edgar Ætheling and his sisters Margaret and Cristina. They were accompanied by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. The exiles were to be disappointed if they had expected immediate assistance from the Scots. In 1069 the exiles returned to England, to join a spreading revolt in the north. Even though Cospatrick and Siward's son Waltheof submitted by the end of the year, the arrival of a Danish army under Sweyn Estridsson ensured that William's position remained weak. Malcolm decided on war, and took his army south into Cumbria and across the Pennines, wasting Teesdale and Cleveland then marching north, loaded with loot, to Wearmouth. There Malcolm met Edgar and his family, who were invited to return with him, but did not. As Sweyn had by now been bought off with a large Danegeld, Malcolm took his army home. In reprisal, William sent Gospatric to raid Scotland through Cumbria. In return, the Scots fleet raided the Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possession were concentrated. Late in the year, perhaps shipwrecked on their way to a European exile, Edgar and his family again arrived in Scotland, this time to remain. By the end of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret, the future Saint Margaret of Scotland. The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Scots Regal names such as Máel Coluim, Cináed and Ãed. The point of naming Margaret's sons, Edward after her father Edward the Exile, Edmund for her grandfather Edmund Ironside, Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred the Unready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar the Peacable was unlikely to be missed in England, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secure. Whether the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexander I of Scotland and the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represented a recognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, or was due to the difficulties of excessive repetition of Anglo-Saxon Royal names, (another Edmund had preceded Edgar), is not known. Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters, Edith (known as Matilda), who married Henry I of England, and Mary, who married Eustace III of Boulogne. In 1072, with the Harrying of the North completed and his position again secure, William of Normandy came north with an army and a fleet. Malcolm met William at Abernethy and, in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 'became his man' and handed over his eldest son Duncan as a hostage and arranged peace between William and Edgar. Accepting the overlordship of the king of the English was no novelty, previous kings had done so without result. The same was true of Malcolm; his agreement with the English king was followed by further raids into Northumbria, which led to further trouble in the earldom and the killing of Bishop William Walcher at Gateshead. In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose north with an army while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians. Malcolm again made peace, and this time kept it for over a decade. Malcolm faced little recorded internal opposition, with the exception of Lulach's son Máel Snechtai. Máel Snechtai survived until 1085. When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malcolm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthose which followed. In 1091, however, William Rufus confiscated Edgar Ætheling's lands in England, and Edgar fled north to Scotland. In May, Malcolm marched south, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcastle, built by Robert Curthose in 1080. This appears to have been an attempt to advance the frontier south from the River Tweed to the River Tees. The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy, were he had been fighting Robert Curthose. In September, learning of William Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English followed. Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was arranged by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again acknowledged the overlordship of the English king. In 1092, the peace began to break down. Based on the idea that the Scots controlled much of modern Cumbria, it had been supposed that William Rufus's new castle at Carlisle and his settlement of English peasants in the surrounds was the cause. However, it is unlikely that Malcolm did control Cumbria, and the dispute instead concerned the estates granted to Malcolm by William Rufus's father in 1072 for his maintenance when visiting England. Malcolm sent messengers to discuss the question and William Rufus agreed to a meeting. Malcolm travelled south to Gloucester, stopping at Wilton Abbey to visit his daughter Edith and sister-in-law Cristina. Malcolm arrived there on 24 August 1093 to find that William Rufus refused to negotiate, insisting that the dispute be judged by the English barons. This Malcolm refused to accept, and returned immediately to Scotland. It does not appear that William Rufus intended to provoke a war, but, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports: For this reason therefore they parted with great dissatisfaction, and the King Malcolm returned to Scotland. And soon after he came home, he gathered his army, and came harrowing into England with more hostility than behoved him ... Máel Coluim was accompanied by Edward, his eldest son by Margaret and probable heir-designate. Even by the standards of the time, the ravaging of Northumbria by the Scots was seen as harsh. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by his god-sib Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. His queen, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days. Máel Coluim's body was taken to Tynemouth for burial. It may later have been reburied at Dunfermline Abbey in the reign of his son Alexander or perhaps on Iona. Malcolm's accession to the throne, as modified by tradition, is the climax of Macbeth by William Shakespeare. He is featured in the Walt Disney animated television series Gargoyles under the name 'Canmore'. He was the third person to use the Hunter persona. His bloodline through his illegitimate son Donald continued to use the Hunter identity through the ages, seeking out gargoyles - specifically the immortal Demona. |
| His wife Ingibjorg Finnsdottir died. | |
| Birth | He was born about 1030.1 |
| His father Duncan I Unknown died on 14 August 1040 in Bothnguane, Scotland. | |
| Marriage | Malcolm III Unknown and Ingibjorg Finnsdottir were married about 1065.2,3,1 |
| Marriage | Malcolm III Unknown and Margaret Atheling were married about 1070 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.2,3,1 |
| His daughter Matilda Unknown was born about 1079 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. | |
| His son David I Unknown was born in 1084 in Scotland. | |
| Death | Malcolm III Unknown died on 13 November 1093, at age ~63, in Alnwick, Northumberland, England.3,1 |
| His wife Margaret Atheling died on 16 November 1093 in Edinburgh, Scotland. |
Citations
Endeavour Bloak
M, #14197, Deceased, b. 1901, d. 1968
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Family: Jane Leek Quatermass (b. 1881, d. 1941)
Main Events
| Marriage | Endeavour Bloak and Jane Leek Quatermass were married. |
| User Reference Number | He; 23560 |
| _STAT | He; Jane Leek Quatermass; Unmarried Couple |
| Note | This a Marriage Status note for Jane Leek Quatermass and Endeavour Bloak. |
| Birth | He was born in 1901 in Rhyl, Flintshire. |
| His wife Jane Leek Quatermass died in 1941 in Prestatyn, Wales. | |
| Death | He died in 1968, at age ~67, in Holt, Denbighshire. |